Direct Reduction of Iron¶

This dataset contains techno-economic data on a cement plant with and without carbon capture.

Fields¶

The techno-economic data is distinguished across the following fields.

Operation mode (mode)¶

• H2: Operate fully with hydrogen.
• NG: Operate fully with natural gas.

Carbon capture (carbon_capture)¶

• No Capture: Conventional process without CO2 capture
• With Capture: Process with carbon capture installed

Aggregated parameters¶

All data in this dataset can be aggregated via the NOSLAG workflow, which yields the following parameters:

ⓘ	variable	CAPEX	Capture Rate	Input|Biomethane	Input|Electricity	Input|Heat	Input|Hydrogen	Input|Iron Ore	Input|Natural Gas	OCF	OPEX Fixed	Output Capacity|Direct Reduced Iron	Output|Direct Reduced Iron	Input|Oxygen	OPEX Variable
	unit	EUR_2024	percent	cubic_meter_NG_norm	MWh	MWh	MWh_H2_LHV	t	MWh_NG_LHV	percent	EUR_2024/year	t/year	t	t_O2	EUR_2024
carbon_capture	mode
No Capture	H2	428.0	0.0	0.636	0.0893	0.484	1.87	1.44	0.36	90.0	34.7	1.0	1.0
No Capture	NG	428.0	0.0		0.0830		0.00	1.4	2.59	90.0	34.7	1.0	1.0	0.0855
With Capture	NG	557.0	90.0		0.0908		0.00		2.40	90.0	87.1	1.0	1.0		1.8

Energy demand¶

The figure below gives an overview of the energy demand reported by different sources across different energy carriers.

Raw data¶

The table below contains the raw data contained in this dataset. The raw data has not be normalised or harmonised in any way and should closely resemble the data as it is reported by the respective sources. You can also find this data in the GitHub repo in this file: posted/database/tedfs/Tech/Direct Reduction of Iron.csv

ⓘsource	source_detail	carbon_capture	mode	component	period	variable	reference_variable	value	uncertainty	unit	reference_value	reference_unit	comment
Agora-KSV-2023	Page 72 of 88, Document Page 72, Abbildung 26	No Capture	*	#	2022	CAPEX	Output Capacity|Direct Reduced Iron	414		EUR_2013	1	t/year	This reference assumes the value provided by Wörtler et al., 2013 but with an additional integration factor of 1.8.
Agora-KSV-2023	Page 79 of 88, Document Page 79, Tabelle 12	No Capture	H2	#	2022	Input|Heat	Output|Direct Reduced Iron	0		MWh	1	t	This source does not assume any additional heat demand for the direct reduction other than the hydrogen and natural gas used in the process.
Agora-KSV-2023	Page 79 of 88, Document Page 79, Tabelle 12	No Capture	H2	#	2022	Input|Hydrogen	Output|Direct Reduced Iron	541		cubic_meter_H2_norm	1.1	t	This source states 541 Nm³ of hydrogen per tonne of steel, but does not state how much DRI it assumes per steel. The conversion factor from Devlin et al, 2022 of 1.1 DRI/tSteel is therefore used.
Agora-KSV-2023	Page 79 of 88, Document Page 79, Tabelle 12	No Capture	H2	#	2022	Input|Natural Gas	Output|Direct Reduced Iron	50		cubic_meter_NG_norm	1.1	t	This source states 50 Nm³ of natural gas per tonne of steel, but does not state how much DRI it assumes per steel. The conversion factor from Devlin et al, 2022 of 1.1 DRI/tSteel is therefore used.
Agora-KSV-2023	Page 79 of 88, Document Page 79, Tabelle 12	No Capture	H2	#	2022	Input|Biomethane	Output|Direct Reduced Iron	0.7		cubic_meter_NG_norm	1.1	t
Agora-KSV-2023	Page 79 of 88, Document Page 79, Tabelle 13	No Capture	H2	#	2022	Input|Electricity	Output|Direct Reduced Iron	0.09		MWh	1.1	t
Agora-KSV-2023	Page 72 of 88, Document Page 72, Abbildung 26	No Capture	*	#	2022	OCF		90		percent
Benavides-2024	Appendix A	*	*	Basic Plant (w/o Carbon Capture)	2024	CAPEX	Output Capacity|Direct Reduced Iron	578.2		USD_2023	1.2	t/year
Benavides-2024	Appendix A	*	*	Basic Plant Operation (w/o Carbon Capture)	2024	Input|Electricity	Output|Direct Reduced Iron	109		kWh	1.2	t
Benavides-2024	Appendix A	*	*	#	2024	OCF		90		percent
(51 more rows not shown)