Industrial Heat Generation¶

This dataset contains techno-economic data on industrial heat generation technologies, including gas-fired and electric steam boilers as well as large-scale and high-temperature heat pumps.

Fields¶

The techno-economic data is distinguished across the following fields.

Subtechnologies (subtech)¶

• gas-steam-boiler: Natural gas-fired steam boiler (0.5–50 MW, with economiser)
• electrode-boiler: Electric electrode boiler (steam, 1–12 bar)
• heat-pump-60c: Large-scale heat pump, heat sink up to 60 °C, temperature lift 40 K
• heat-pump-80c: Large-scale heat pump (combined heating/cooling), heat sink up to 80 °C, temperature lift 75 K
• heat-pump-125c: High-temperature heat pump, heat sink up to 125 °C, temperature lift 65 K
• heat-pump-150c: High-temperature heat pump, heat sink up to 150 °C, temperature lift 65 K

Heat source (heat_source)¶

• flue-gas: Flue gas from combustion process
• sewage-water: Sewage water
• excess-heat: Industrial excess heat
• groundwater: Groundwater
• air: Ambient air

Aggregated parameters¶

All DEA-sourced data in this dataset can be aggregated via the NOSLAG workflow, which yields the following parameters:

ⓘ	variable	CAPEX	Input|Electricity	Lifetime	OPEX Fixed	OPEX Variable	Output Capacity|Heat	Output|Heat	Input|Natural Gas
	unit	MEUR_2024	kWh	a	EUR_2024/a	EUR_2024	MW	MWh	kWh_NG_LHV
subtech	period
electrode-boiler	2025	0.18	1010.0	25.0	1370.0	0.642	1.0	1.0
electrode-boiler	2030	0.16	1010.0	25.0	1310.0	0.611	1.0	1.0
electrode-boiler	2035	0.16	1010.0	25.0	1270.0	0.594	1.0	1.0
electrode-boiler	2040	0.16	1010.0	25.0	1240.0	0.581	1.0	1.0
electrode-boiler	2050	0.16	1010.0	25.0	1180.0	0.549	1.0	1.0
gas-steam-boiler	2025	0.09		25.0	2000.0	1.230	1.0	1.0	1060.0
gas-steam-boiler	2030	0.09		25.0	2000.0	1.230	1.0	1.0	1060.0
gas-steam-boiler	2035	0.09		25.0	2000.0	1.230	1.0	1.0	1060.0
gas-steam-boiler	2040	0.09		25.0	2000.0	1.230	1.0	1.0	1060.0
gas-steam-boiler	2050	0.09		25.0	2000.0	1.230	1.0	1.0	1060.0
(20 more rows not shown)

CAPEX¶

The figure below shows projected CAPEX for each technology from 2025 to 2050 as reported by the DEA.

Efficiency and COP¶

The figure below compares energy input per unit of heat output in 2025. For boilers the relevant metric is thermal efficiency; for heat pumps it is the coefficient of performance (COP).

Investment cost by heat source¶

The figure below shows investment cost data from Pieper (2018) for large-scale heat pumps across different heat sources and plant sizes.

Raw data¶

The table below contains the raw data contained in this dataset. The raw data has not be normalised or harmonised in any way and should closely resemble the data as it is reported by the respective sources. You can also find this data in the GitHub repo in this file: posted/database/tedfs/Tech/Industrial Heat Generation.csv

ⓘsource	source_detail	subtech	heat_source	size	period	variable	reference_variable	value	uncertainty	unit	reference_value	reference_unit	comment
DEA-TIPIH-2026	Sheet 6.1 (Boiler, gas and oil), Row 7 (Efficiency at nominal load)	gas-steam-boiler	*	0.5-50 MW	*	Input|Natural Gas	Output|Heat	1		kWh_NG_LHV	0.94	kWh	Thermal efficiency 94% (range 92-95%); steam boiler with economiser
DEA-TIPIH-2026	Sheet 6.1 (Boiler, gas and oil), Row 22 (Nominal investment)	gas-steam-boiler	*	0.5-50 MW	*	CAPEX	Output Capacity|Heat	0.09		MEUR_2024	1	MW	Total installed cost: boiler, burner, pumps, economiser, water treatment system, chimney; Source reports EUR 2025; EUR_2024 used as proxy (EUR_2025 not registered in cet-units)
DEA-TIPIH-2026	Sheet 6.1 (Boiler, gas and oil), Row 25 (Fixed O&M costs)	gas-steam-boiler	*	0.5-50 MW	*	OPEX Fixed	Output Capacity|Heat	2000		EUR_2024/a	1	MW	Source reports EUR 2025; EUR_2024 used as proxy (EUR_2025 not registered in cet-units)
DEA-TIPIH-2026	Sheet 6.1 (Boiler, gas and oil), Row 26 (Variable O&M costs)	gas-steam-boiler	*	0.5-50 MW	*	OPEX Variable	Output|Heat	1.23		EUR_2024	1	MWh	Source reports EUR 2025; EUR_2024 used as proxy (EUR_2025 not registered in cet-units)
DEA-TIPIH-2026	Sheet 6.1 (Boiler, gas and oil), Row 12 (Technical lifetime)	gas-steam-boiler	*	0.5-50 MW	*	Lifetime		25		a
DEA-TIPIH-2026	Sheet 5.1a (Electric boiler, 0.4-0.69 kV, steam, 1-12 bar), Row 7 (Efficiency at nominal load)	electrode-boiler	*	1-5 MW	*	Input|Electricity	Output|Heat	1		kWh	0.99	kWh	Electrical efficiency 99% (range 98-100%)
DEA-TIPIH-2026	Sheet 5.1a (Electric boiler, 0.4-0.69 kV, steam, 1-12 bar), Row 19 (Nominal investment)	electrode-boiler	*	1-5 MW	2025	CAPEX	Output Capacity|Heat	0.25		MEUR_2024	1	MW	Low-voltage (0.4-0.69 kV) steam boiler including transformer; Source reports EUR 2025; EUR_2024 used as proxy (EUR_2025 not registered in cet-units)
DEA-TIPIH-2026	Sheet 5.1a (Electric boiler, 0.4-0.69 kV, steam, 1-12 bar), Row 19 (Nominal investment)	electrode-boiler	*	1-5 MW	2030	CAPEX	Output Capacity|Heat	0.22		MEUR_2024	1	MW	Low-voltage (0.4-0.69 kV) steam boiler including transformer; Source reports EUR 2025; EUR_2024 used as proxy (EUR_2025 not registered in cet-units)
DEA-TIPIH-2026	Sheet 5.1a (Electric boiler, 0.4-0.69 kV, steam, 1-12 bar), Row 19 (Nominal investment)	electrode-boiler	*	1-5 MW	2035	CAPEX	Output Capacity|Heat	0.22		MEUR_2024	1	MW	Low-voltage (0.4-0.69 kV) steam boiler including transformer; Source reports EUR 2025; EUR_2024 used as proxy (EUR_2025 not registered in cet-units)
DEA-TIPIH-2026	Sheet 5.1a (Electric boiler, 0.4-0.69 kV, steam, 1-12 bar), Row 19 (Nominal investment)	electrode-boiler	*	1-5 MW	2040	CAPEX	Output Capacity|Heat	0.22		MEUR_2024	1	MW	Low-voltage (0.4-0.69 kV) steam boiler including transformer; Source reports EUR 2025; EUR_2024 used as proxy (EUR_2025 not registered in cet-units)
(133 more rows not shown)